Devoid of life Essays

Devoid of life Essays Devoid of life Paper Devoid of life Paper Roughly 126-127 thousand cubic kilometres is contained in lakes, rivers and streams (Clarke 1993: 8; Marshak and Prothero 2001: 479). Water inter-reacts with the three other spheres and can erode rock using onshore wave action or flood movement, transporting material as with moraines or lahars (Gomez et al. 2002: 217-222), warm or cool the atmosphere, and is essential to life. The hydrological cycle The hydrological cycle is the movement of water from reservoir to reservoir Passing through both nonliving and living entities (Marshak and Prothero 2001: 713). The hydrological cycle is significant because: Water is present in the atmosphere in only miniscule amounts, but it plays an important role in the aquatic environment by providing the precipitation to replenish the groundwater and surface water reservoirs (Kemp 2004: 57). Fig. 5: The Water Cycle (Wikipedia contributors 2006b) The hydrological cycle is complex, with many possible paths, Figure 5 illustrates this showing various mechanisms for moving water between bodies, such as evaporation from the ocean, run-off into the ocean, transpiration into the atmosphere, subsurface flow and infiltration. Global environmental change Global environmental change is the transformation or modification of both physical and biological components of the Earth system through time (Marshak and Prothero 2001: 708). It is an ever-present and complex process (Kemp 2004: 465), it is not a human creation. It has taken 3. 8 billion years for the global environment to change enough to support life on land. Global environmental change is a long-term process, although short term events may be noted in ones lifetime (Kemp 1994: 181), such as when wells in Canterbury that have never been dry before are drying up, or rivers running dry (Kent 2006: A17; Rodgers 2006: A17). Over time the polar ice caps and tropical rain forest have expanded and contracted (Marshak and Prothero 2001: 694), and the flora and fauna of the planet has changed accordingly (Kemp 2004: 76). There have been numerous human impacts on global environmental change through the ages including firestick farming, which saw the deforestation of large tracts as humans came into contact with pristine habitats (Flannery 2002: 222-223). Since the beginning of the industrial era, circa 1800, large volumes of sink materials have been released into the atmosphere and hydrosphere as by-products of mechanisation and urbanisation, as illustrated in Figure 6, exacerbated by the population growth which they have enabled (Kemp 2004: 125-128). Fig 6. The Present Carbon Cycle, showing the annual 5. 5 gigatons of fossil fuel emissions (UNEP 1996b) Industrially produced aerosols have caused global dimming (Sturman and Tapper 2006: 474) and in many regions acid rain from sulphur dioxide and photochemical smog from nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds (Kemp 2004: 321). Currently the anthropogenic impacts of most concern are global warming and ozone depletion. Global warming Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, along with water vapour, methane, and twenty other gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect which is the term given to the capture of outgoing terrestrial radiation, and the subsequent retention of heat by the atmosphere, as illustrated in Figure 7. (Kemp 1994: 16). Fig. 7: The Greenhouse Effect (UNEP 1996a) The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing, as illustrated in Figure 8, as result of burning fossil fuels and tropical deforestation (Sturman and Tapper 2006: 20). Fig. 8: The increasing global atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (UNEP 1999) This has disrupted the equilibrium of the carbon cycle (Kemp 1994: 145) and global means surfaces temperatures have risen 0. 6 +/-0. 2 ? C during the twentieth century (Sturman and Tapper 2006: 462-463), although significant temperature fluctuations have occurred in the past ten thousand years: Before the human impact on the climatic environment was globally significant, and were caused by natural variability in the earth/atmosphere system. In contrast, modern global warming appears to have been initiated by human activities that have caused what at first sight seem to be relatively minor changes in the composition of the atmosphere. (Kemp 2004: 374). The effects of global warming in the ocean and atmosphere are evidenced in more intense tropical storm activity (which is generated by the intense heat gathered from the ocean), melting of the polar caps and glaciers, (with a significant rise in sea level and associated decrease in salinity), and increased water scarcity, as in Africa (where 80 per cent of dry land now suffers from desertification (Smith 2001: 300) and water allocation is becoming more contested. (Sichingabula and Sikazwe 1999: 297)). One of the problems in predicting global warming is the limited data available (Sturman and Tapper 2006: 430). The ozone hole As mentioned earlier ozone keeps out ultraviolet radiation, and is necessary for life. The ozone hole is a naturally occurring feature in the stratosphere over Antarctica which coincides with the Southern spring. As a result of the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by human industrial processes, ozone is being destroyed at an accelerated rate, and the ozone hole has grown, as illustrated in Figure 9. Once scientists were aware of the existence of the ozone hole CFC production was curtailed, although there has not been sufficient time to observe if this is of benefit (Kemp 2004: 366-374). In this essay the Earths biogeochemical cycle has been assessed as a closed system that exists with finite resources. The parts of the biogeochemical cycle have been identified as the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere; with these all these four parts inter-reacting, and the elements within them circulating in an ongoing, dynamic series of complex exchanges. Natural processes identified inside the biogeochemical cycle include vulcanism, the ozone cycle, the production of oxygen by biospheric organism, and the necessity of maintaining the water cycle due to the critical importance of fresh drinkable water, which is relatively scarce, for terrestrial life. Global environmental change is the ongoing transformation over time of the worlds land surfaces; water, both in form and availability; the atmosphere, in terms of its chemical makeup, temperature fluctuations and climate change; and the responding flora and fauna adaptations. Changes in the biogeochemical cycle directly affect global environmental change, as illustrated in the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and subsequent warming, and ozone depletion. In the last two hundred year there has been a massive increase in the human impact on the global environment as a result of industrialisation and deforestation, disrupting the biogeochemical cycles, and on the basis of current trends human impact upon the process needs to be brought into check. It would seem that unless humans can become more bio-friendly global environmental change will accelerate. There will not be a biogeochemical cycle equilibrium conducive to habitation: there will not be sustainable growth for everyone, food for everyone and water for everyone as the biosphere could be devoid of life.

6 Tips for a Thrifty Christmas

6 Tips for a Thrifty Christmas 6 Tips for a Thrifty Christmas If popular song is to be believed, Christmas is simultaneously the most wonderful time of the year and the season to be jolly (fa la la la la, la la la la). As such, you’ll probably be wanting to let loose and have a good time with friends and family. Doing this on a student budget isn’t easy though. One way to make sure you don’t get left out is doing a Grinch and stealing Christmas from everyone else. Before you start breaking and entering, however, it might be worth trying our tips for getting into the festive spirit without breaking the bank. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Make a Budget It’s easy to get carried away over Christmas, so it’s important to set a budget and stick to it, including for cards, gifts, ornaments and food. If this doesn’t sound suitably festive, you can always try it while wearing tinsel and drinking egg nog. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Start Shopping Early It might be a bit late for this year by the time you read this, but if you start your Christmas shopping early you can save a lot of money. One good option is to have a â€Å"Christmas Cupboard† for storing any festive bargains you spot during the year. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Get Crafty If money is really tight, making your own gifts, ornaments and cards is a great alternative to splashing the cash. Again, this might require a little planning, but a handmade gift or card can be a unique way of proving that it really is the thought that counts. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wrap Up Warm! Not strictly a Christmas-themed tip, but if you wrap up warm rather than blasting the central heating all day throughout the winter, you’ll save a fortune on your fuel bills! 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Festive Feast (And Beyond) Yuletide wouldn’t be the same without eating so much you feel slightly unwell, but Christmas dinner can be expensive. Making your own treats will definitely help here, as it’s usually cheaper than buying them pre-made. Christmas dinner can even keep you fed beyond just Christmas day: using your leftovers cleverly is delicious and a good money saver. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Memories, Not Materialism Despite all the bustling malls, shiny lights in shop windows and excitable commercials on TV, Christmas really should be about more than just money. Spending time with your friends and/or family costs nothing, providing memories that will last a lifetime (or far longer than it takes for your average Secret Santa present to be re-gifted at least).

Plate Tectonics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plate Tectonics - Assignment Example For example, by pouring cooking oil into a glass beaker halfway with water, it will be observed that the oil will be in motion. This motion is attributable to the interaction of the earth’s layers. The science of plate tectonics is testable. Plate tectonics- The theory of continental drift explains that the earth’s surface appeared different 300 million years ago (Young, Greg p. 26). The science behind plate tectonics indicates that the continents lie on multiple plates of the lithosphere, which are in a constant horizontal motion (like blocks of ice over the lake). Plate tectonics is attributable to the steady movement of the lithosphere. The blocks of lithosphere interact differently against each other. This brings about plate tectonic events that are experienced over the earth’s surface. The horizontal movement of the blocks of lithosphere is as a result of natural causes, which are not attributable to any human

Selection of Theme for your Virtual Art Gallery Tour Assignment

Selection of Theme for your Virtual Art Gallery Tour - Assignment Example Young girls may love artworks about pretty flowers and butterflies while their male counterparts may be interested in trees, mountains and horses. Adults may be interested in vast seas, the fields or the universe and other complexities of nature. Nature actually has a wide scope so it is easy to collect materials for any audience. However, for this tour, I choose to have pre-teenagers for my audience ranging from the age of nine to twelve. At this age, the children are already old enough to think critically and share their ideas with their peers and other people. This would be an interesting interaction as I could be able to have another angle of perception through the eyes of my audience. In addition, they are still young enough to be concerned about the reactions of their friends if they speak out their thoughts. This will lead to a more interesting and open sharing of ideas. Since the theme is about nature, one could easily identify with what is being

Patton- Fuller Financial Statement Review Essay Example for Free

Patton- Fuller Financial Statement Review Essay The success of any organization is heavily based on its ability to appropriately handle every aspect of its financials. Those aspects include a range of financial activities that include the inflow of cash and the outflow of cash which can be affected by a number of events including the raising of revenue through products or services, investments, purchases, debts and sales to name a few. With the number events that can take place within a particular reporting period, it is important that those transactions be monitored and tracked so that year end reports can reflect the most accurate overview of a the organization’s performance. These events and transactions are recorded and tracked through a number of financial reporting referred to as financial statements. For Patton- Fuller Community Hospital, information regarding its financial activities is included within their Annual Report. This report is compiled from financial statements that include their Balance sheet as December 31 for 2009 and 2008(audited) and the Statement of Revenue and Expense 2009 and 2008 (audited). In addition to the audited balance sheet and the audited statement of revenue and expense, other financial reports were utilized by Patton- Fuller which includes Balance Sheet as December 31 for 2009 unaudited, the Statement of Revenue and Expense 2009 and 2008 (unaudited), the Statement of Retained Earnings and Stockholders’ Equity and the Interim Statement of Income (unaudited) though these reports were not included within the annual report. In comparing the audited and unaudited reports there were differences were observed between the two. For the balance sheets, the unaudited balance sheet reflects $128,867 under total assets whereas the audited sheet reflects $127,867. This difference of $1000.00 is the result of the change in current assets reported under the patient  account receivable whereas the net allowance for bad debts was increased. As a result of this change, the total current assets reported for 2009 changed in addition to the total amount of assets reported. Other differences were observed in the area of total liabilities and equity where the audited balance sheet reflects a decrease of $1000.00 which is a change from the unaudited reporting of $588,767 to $587, 767. In reviewing what the effect was of revenue sources on financial reporting, the facility may have performed determinations based on a contribution margin. Utilizing this would show how the organization has increased or decrease in sales, profits, and assets. Further review of the financial reports indicates that on the Patton Fuller Financial Statement there was a huge negative decrease in the Investment Income. This caused a -123.48% drop. Other sources of revenue showed a positive increase from 2008 to 2009. Further review of the full report reflects that findings that indicate that the sources of revenue and the expenses in 2008 were much lower than 2009. The unaudited expenses show that there was $41,391 difference between the two years. The expenses that increased within the two years were the salaries and benefits of employees, supplies needed, and utilities. Within this time frame from the point where there was a negative impact, the organization was able to increase revenue and turn around what had been a negative into a positive. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital has grouped revenues into one category and expenses into another. All the revenue is what they are making from providing services and the expenses are what they have to pay out to keep the hospital staffed, supplies, and running. Patton-Fuller groups there revenue by care settings and there are only two. Eighty percent of the revenue is from inpatient care and the other twenty percent is from emergency care or outpatient services. This type of grouping allows Patton-Fuller to see exactly what they are making for certain services they provide. All the financial reports generated by Patton- Fuller Community Hospital provide an overview of the company’s activities that will be useful in future planning, controlling, organizing and decision making. In addition, they provide information to internal and external auditors that demonstrate the organization’s ability to properly track funds that are received and dispensed. For other external users such as investors and creditors, these same reports provide financial data that demonstrates how well a company is performing and has performed in  the past. These reports are also important to employees, as the financial health of the organization is used to make determinations regarding raises, expansion and compensation. Overall review of the statements, including the annual report, shows the company’s ability to be transparent to both internal and external users. In doing so their reports serve as valuable tools that allow for improvement and continued growth to occur based on the organization’s mission and goals. References University of Phoenix. (2015). Week Three Learning Team Assignment: Virtual Organizations. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/405- Health Care Financial Accounting course website. Baker, J. Baker, R.W. (2014). Health Care Finance: Basic Tools for Nonfinancial Managers, Fourth Edition. Jones Bartlett Learning. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/405- Health Care Financial Accounting course website.

Alexanders Empire :: essays research papers

Alexander's Empire The ancient Kingdom of Macedonia, situated in the north of modern Greece, was established by Perdiccas I about 640 B.C. Perdiccas was a Dorian, although the Macedonian tribes included Thracian and Illyrian elements. Originally a semibarbarous and fragmented power, Macedon became tributary to Persia under the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes I and thereafter struggled to maintain itself against Thracians and other barbarians and against the Greek cities of the Chalcidice as well as Sparta and Athens. A new stage began with Archelaus (d.399 B.C.), who centralized the kingdom with a system of roads and forts; he also fostered the Hellenization of his people by inviting famous Greek artists, Euripides among them, to his court. Few regions gave much thought to Macedonia. The area was so primitive that it seemed to belong to another age- it was a rude, brawling, heavy-drinking country of dour peasants and landowning warriors. The language was Greek, but so tainted by barbarian strains that Athenians could not understand it. Macedonia remained an outland. Growth of trade in the early fourth century promoted the rise of several cities, yet when Perdiccas III, king of Macedonia, fell in 359 B.C. while fighting the Illyrians the seaboard of his state was largely under Athenian control or in the hands of the Chalcidian league, grouped about Olynthus. Philip (382-36), brother of the dead king, was made regent for the infant heir, soon set aside his nephew, and became outright king. Once power was his, the young monarch swiftly brought order to his domain by armed force when necessary, by diplomatic guile whenever he could, Philip set out to make Macedon the greatest power in the Greek world. Alexander was born in 356 to the first wife of Philip. As a teenager Alexander was educated by Athenian philosopher Aristotle. By the year 337 all of the Greek city-states had been conquered or forced into an alliance by Philip. He was planning to lead their joint forces for an invasion of the Persian empire when he was assassinated in 336. Thus at the age of 20, Alexander became king of the Macedonians. After Philip's death, some Greek cities under Macedonian rule revolted. In 335 B.C. Alexander's army stormed the walls of the rebellious city of Thebes and demolished the city. About 30,000 inhabitants were sold in slavery. Alexander's action against Thebes discouraged, for a time, rebellion by other Greek cities With Greece under control, Alexander turned to his fathers plan for attacking the Persian Empire. In 334 B.C., he led an army of about 35,000 infantry and cavalry across the Hellespont from Europe to Asia.

Cause and Effect Essay

Internet technology has created a hindrance in people’s lives. First the use of technology creates nothing but a distraction. In the article â€Å"Is Technology Making Us intimate Strangers? †, Jonathan Coleman says , â€Å" If someone hasn’t left us a phone message or fax, there is always the chance that an e-mail awaits. I can’t even finish this essay without checking- three times already- to see if another one came through. † This is completely true, in the tome it took me to quote that, I stopped and checked my phone twice. Another example of technology being a distraction is by talking on the phone or checking a text message which can be a distraction as well as deadly. Secondly how the use of technology enables people to have privacy. It’s crazy how jobs, schools or anyone that wants to know anything about a person can easily find out through the use of internet technology. Example of that is through a social network. If someone wants to know where a person lives, where they go to school, or what they are doing, they could find out with the touch of a finger, stripping people from any sort of privacy. Finally social interaction, Jonathan Coleman states â€Å"Technology, for the most part, creates the illusion of intimacy. As marvelous as it can be, it also foils us. It keeps us from the best of ourselves and enables us to avoid others. It makes us into intimate strangers. † A prime example of that is the use of internet dating, technology takes away the term dating, getting out knowing somebody, to have a face to face conversation. Instead we stay indoors with our computers or any sort of technology talking to our computer loves.

Aristotle’s theory of the Tragic Hero Essay

â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall† Tragic hero’s who fit under Aristotle’s depiction are known as ‘Aristotelian Tragic Hero’s’ and possess five specific characteristics; 1) A flaw or error of judgment (also known as ‘hamartia’ which is a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine) 2) A reversal of fortune due to the error of judgment (also known as ‘peripeteia’, which is a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances) 3) The discovery or recognition that the reversal was brought about by the hero’s own actions (Referred to as ‘anagnorisis’, which is a moment in a play when a character makes a critical discovery) 4) Excessive pride (hubris) 5) The character’s fate must be greater than deserved’. In the beginning, the character must be seen as equal morally to normal people in order for the audience to identify with him/her. This identification allows the sentiment of ‘pity’ which is crucial in a tragic play. The Aristotelian tragic hero inevitably suffers a tragic death, having fallen from great heights and made an irreversible mistake. The hero must courageously accept their death with honour. Other common traits of the Aristotelian tragic hero: a) Hero must suffer more than he deserves b) Hero must be doomed from the start, but bears no responsibility for possessing his flaw. c) Hero must be noble in nature, but be imperfect so that the audience can see themselves in him. d) Hero must have discovered his fate by his own actions, not by things happening to him. e) Hero must understand his doom, as well as the fact that his fate was discovered by his own actions. f) Hero’s story should arouse fear and empathy. g) Hero must be physically or spiritually wounded by his experiences, usually resulting in his death. h) The hero must be intelligent so that he may learn from his mistakes. i) The hero must have a weakness, usually, it is pride. j) He must be faced with a very serious decision that he must face. Aristotle identifies tragedy as the most refined version of poetry dealing with lofty matters and comedy as the most refined version of poetry dealing with base matters. He traces a brief and speculative history of tragedy as it evolved from dithyrambic hymns in praise of the god Dionysus. Dithyrambs were sung by a large choir, sometimes featuring a narrator. Aeschylus invented tragedy by bringing a second actor into dialogue with the narrator. Sophocles innovated further by introducing a third actor, and gradually tragedy shifted to its contemporary dramatic form. Aristotle defines tragedy according to seven characteristics: (1) it is mimetic, (2) it is serious, (3) it tells a full story of an appropriate length, (4) it contains rhythm and harmony, (5) rhythm and harmony occur in different combinations in different parts of the tragedy, (6) it is performed rather than narrated, and (7) it arouses feelings of pity and fear and then purges these feelings through catharsis. A tragedy c onsists of six component parts, which are listed here in order from most important to least important: plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. A well-formed plot must have a beginning, which is not a necessary consequence of any previous action; a middle, which follows logically from the beginning; and an end, which follows logically from the middle and from which no further action necessarily follows. The plot should be unified, meaning that every element of the plot should tie in to the rest of the plot, leaving no loose ends. This kind of unity allows tragedy to express universal themes powerfully, which makes it superior to history, which can only talk about particular events. Episodic plots are bad because there is no necessity to the sequence of events. The best kind of plot contains surprises, but surprises that, in retrospect, fit logically into the sequence of events. The best kinds of surprises are brought about by peripeteia, or reversal of fortune, and anagnorisis, or discovery. A good plot progresses like a knot that is tied up with increasingly greater complexity until the moment of peripeteia, at which point the knot is gradually untied until it reaches a completely unknotted conclusion. For a tragedy to arouse pity and fear, we must observe a hero who is relatively noble going from happiness to misery as a result of error on the part of the hero. Our pity and fear is aroused most when it is family members who harm one another rather than enemies or  strangers. In the best kind of plot, one character narrowly avoids killing a family member unwittingly thanks to an anagnorisis that reveals the family connection. The hero must have good qualities appropriate to his or her station and should be portrayed realistically and consistently. Since both the character of the hero and the plot must have logical consistency, Aristotle concludes that the untying of the plot must follow as a necessary consequence of the plot and not from stage artifice, like a deus ex machina (a machine used in some plays, in which an actor playing one of the gods was lowered onto the stage at the end). Aristotle discusses thought and diction and then moves on to address epic poetry. Whereas tragedy consists of actions presented in a dramatic form, epic poetry consists of verse presented in a narrative form. Tragedy and epic poetry have many common qualities, most notably the unity of plot and similar subject matter. However, epic poetry can be longer than tragedy, and because it is not performed, it can deal with more fantastic action with a much wider scope. By contrast, tragedy can be more focused and takes advantage of the devices of music and spectacle. Epic poetry and tragedy are also written in different meters. After defending poetry against charges that it deals with improbable or impossible events, Aristotle concludes by weighing tragedy against epic poetry and determining that tragedy is on the whole superior. Aristotle takes a scientific approach to poetry, which bears as many disadvantages as advantages. He studies poetry as he would a natural phenomenon, observing and analyzing first, and only afterward making tentative hypotheses and recommendation s. The scientific approach works best at identifying the objective, lawlike behavior that underlies the phenomena being observed. To this end, Aristotle draws some important general conclusions about the nature of poetry and how it achieves its effects. However, in assuming that there are objective laws underlying poetry, Aristotle fails to appreciate the ways in which art often progresses precisely by overturning the assumed laws of a previous generation. If every play were written in strict accordance with a given set of laws for a long enough time, a revolutionary playwright would be able to achieve powerful effects by consciously violating these laws. In point of fact, Euripides, the last of the three great tragic poets of Ancient Greece, wrote many plays that violated the logical and structured principles of  Aristotle’s Poetics in a conscious effort to depict a world that he saw as neither logical nor structured. Aristotle himself gives mixed reviews to Euripides’ troubling plays, but they are still performed two and a half millennia after they were written. Aristotle’s concept of mimesis helps him to explain what is distinctive about our experience of art. Poetry is mimetic, meaning that it invites us to imagine its subject matter as real while acknowledging that it is in fact fictional. When Aristotle contrasts poetry with philosophy, his point is not so much that poetry is mimetic because it portrays what is real while philosophy is nonmimetic because it portrays only ideas. Rather, the point is that the ideas discussed in philosophical texts are as real as any ideas ever are. When we see an actor playing Oedipus, this actor is clearly a substitute through which we can imagine what a real Oedipus might be like. When we read Aristotle’s ideas on art, we are in direct contact with the ideas, and there is nothing more real to imagine. Art presents reality at one level of remove, allowing us a certain detachment. We do not call the police when we see Hamlet kill Polonius because we know that we are not seeing a real event but only two actors imitating real-world possibilities. Because we are conscious of the mimesis involved in art, we are detached enough that we can reflect on what we are experiencing and so learn from it. Witnessing a murder in real life is emotionally scarring. Witnessing a murder on stage gives us a chance to reflect on the nature and causes of human violence so that we can lead a more reflective and sensitive life. Aristotle identifies catharsis as the distinctive experience of art, though it is not clear whether he means that catharsis is the purpose of art or simply an effect. The Greek word katharsis originally means purging or purification and refers also to the induction of vomiting by a doctor to rid the body of impurities. Aristotle uses the term metaphorically to refer to the release of the emotions of pity and fear built up in a dramatic performance. Because dramatic performances end, whereas life goes on, we can let go of the tension that builds during a dramatic performance in a way that we often cannot let go of the tension that builds up over the course of our lives. Because we can let go of it, the emotional intensity of art deepens us, whereas emotional intensity in life often just hardens us. However, if this process of catharsis that allows us to experience powerful emotions and then  let them go is the ultimate purpose of art, then art becomes the equivalent of therapy. If we define catharsis as the purpose of art, we have failed to define art in a way that explains why it is still necessary in an era of psychiatry. A more generous reading of Aristotle might interpret catharsis as a means to a less easily defined end, which involves a deeper capacity for feeling and compassion, a deeper awareness of what our humanity consists in. Aristotle insists on the primacy of plot because the plot is ultimately what we can learn from in a piece of art. The word we translate as â€Å"plot† is the Greek wordmuthos, which is the root for myth. Muthos is a more general term than plot, as it can apply to any art form, including music or sculpture. The muthos of a piece of art is its general structure and organization, the form according to which the themes and ideas in the piece of art make themselves apparent. The plot of a story, as the term is used in the Poetics, is not the sequence of events so much as the logical relationships that exist between events. For Aristotle, the tighter the logical relationships between events, the better the plot. Oedipus Rex is a powerful tragedy precisely because we can see the logical inevitability with which the events in the story fall together. The logical relationships between events in a story help us to perceive logical relationships between the events in our own lives. In essence, tragedy shows us patterns in human experience that we can then use to make sense of our own experience.

Pleonasm Definition and Examples in English

Pleonasm Definition and Examples in English Pleonasm is the use of more words than are necessary to make a point. Pleonasm may serve as a rhetorical strategy to emphasize an idea or image. Used unintentionally, it may also be viewed as a stylistic fault. Etymology: From the Greek, excessive, abundant Examples and Observations: The most unkindest cut of all.(William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar)In the farmhouse I saw, with my own eyes, this sight: there was a man, of young age and graceful proportion, whose body had been torn limb from limb. The torso was here, an arm there, a leg there. . . .All this I saw with my own eyes, and it was the most fearsome sight I ever witnessed. (Michael Chrichton, Eaters of the Dead. Random House, 1976)These terrible things I have seen with my own eyes, and I have heard with my own ears, and touched with my own hands.(Isabel Allende, City of the Beasts. Rayo, 2002)As a rhetorical figure, [a pleonasm] gives an utterance an additional semantic dimension, as in Hamlets dictum about his father: He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again (Shakespeare. Hamlet, I.2.186-187), where man contains the semantic markers ( human) and ( male) contained in father and he, but according to the context it has the specific meaning ideal man.(Heinrich F. Plett, Ple onasm, in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford Univ. Press, 2001) pleonasm. Term in rhetoric for repetition or superfluous expression. Hence, in grammar, a category is sometimes said to be represented pleonastically if it is realized by more than one affix, word, etc.(P.H. Matthews, Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)Ears pierced while you wait.I forgot my PIN number for the ATM machine.Many tautological (or tautologous) expressions occur in everyday usage. The tautology in some is immediately apparent: all well and good; to all intents and purposes; cool, calm, and collected . . .. In others, it is less obvious, because they contain archaic elements: by hook or by crook.(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)George Carlins Department of Pleonasms and RedundanciesI needed a new beginning, so I decided to pay a social visit to a personal friend with whom I share the same mutual objectives and who is one of the most unique individuals I have ever personally met. The end re sult was an un ­expected surprise. When I reiterated again to her the fact that I needed a fresh start, she said I was exactly right; and, as an added plus, she came up with a fi ­nal solution that was absolutely perfect.Based on her past experience, she felt we needed to join together in a com ­mon bond for a combined total of twenty-four hours a day, in order to find some new initiatives. What a novel innovation! And, as an extra bonus, she presented me with the free gift of a tuna fish. Right away I noticed an immedi ­ate positive improvement. And although my recovery is not totally complete, the sum total is I feel much better now knowing I am not uniquely alone.(George Carlin, Count the Superfluous Redundant Pleonastic Tautologies. When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? Hyperion, 2004) Dougan uses many words where few would do, as if pleonasm were a way of wringing every possibility out of the material he has, and stretching sentences a form of spreading the word.(Paula Cocozza, review of How Dynamo Kiev Beat the Luftwaffe, in The Independent, March 2, 2001)Its dà ©j vu all over again.(attributed to Yogi Berra) See also: BattologyCommon RedundanciesGeorge Carlins Essential DrivelRedundancyRepetitionTautology

Why You Didnt Get the Job

Why You Didnt Get the Job If you’re on the job hunt, you want  to ensure you  don’t make mistakes that keep you  from finding work, especially after spending a lot of time on job search sites. Although most people know it is a bad idea to cancel an interview at the last moment or wear a running suit to an interview, smaller mistakes can also keep a job seeker from being considered. 1. Not Proofreading a ResumeResumes tell a recruiter a lot about a job applicant after just one glance. A resume that is messy and contains poor  grammar or typos will not  be taken seriously by a recruiter. You can fix problems with your resume by using an online grammar checker and rereading it carefully to look for mistakes. If you have a friend who is good with grammar and punctuation, ask him or her  to look it over for you. Whatever it takes, make your resume as perfect as you can.2. Not Focusing Your ResumeAre you are one of those job seekers  who wrote a resume a year ago and are recycling it to apply for jobs? The days of using a general resume are over. Because hiring managers are busy people, they want to interview the best candidates for the job and not waste time on applicants whose qualifications aren’t a good fit. Rewriting your resume to include your qualifications that fit in with the job description can get you that interview.3. Not Writing a Cover LetterHiring managers go to the cover letter first before looking at an applicant’s resume. Even when applying for a position by sending your resume via email, you really need to include a cover letter. Many hiring managers won’t consider an application without one. Remember to include the reason you want the job in your cover letter, and don’t make it a mini copy of your resume.4. Going Into an Interview ColdLet’s say you’ve been invited for a job interview, so you’re feeling pretty confident at this point. Overconfidence and lack of preparation when being interviewed ha s cost more than one individual a job offer. Job interviews normally consist of knowing about the company where you are applying, asking questions that are relevant, telling the recruiter why you are qualified and how you can be an asset in the job, and following up afterward.5. Casting Too Wide a NetOne mistake some job seekers make is not focusing on the job type and instead zeroing in on a specific company.  Think about opportunities, not one particular job, and you can find yourself employed faster. Maybe you have your heart set on a job with the Widget Company, but you would have to start at the bottom and work your way up because there are no openings for someone with your qualifications. Focus clearly on the position you want to fill, and expend your efforts in that direction.6. Not Minding the TimeTime matters when it comes to hiring managers. Showing up late for an interview reflects badly, as does showing up too early because it can make you appear anxious and make the i nterviewer feel pressured. Do leave early to get to your interview about 10 minutes before it is scheduled, but find a spot to relax if you arrive before that.7. Getting Too PersonalMaking a personal connection with a hiring manager can be a good idea, such as sharing an interest in a sports  team or favorite restaurants in your  city. However, going overboard and supplying too many details about your personal life takes up the hiring manager’s time and may not reflect well on you. Rambling on, whether in a resume or during an interview, can leave a bad impression. If you do relate personal information, keep it in context with the job.After spending time searching classified job ads and sending in a resume, common mistakes can often cost you  a job. Just as knowing how to be a successful job applicant and sail through an interview is valuable information, so is knowing how to conduct a practical job search. Instead of looking at countless job ads in different locations, TheJobSearch does the work for you by sending you email alerts when jobs fitting your qualifications become available. Fill out your job interests and qualifications and  sign up with TheJobNetwork- that’s all it takes!

Facebook Marketing for Dummies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facebook Marketing for Dummies - Essay Example People just need to put some basic information in the required fields by Facebook such as email address, age, date of birth, gender etc and then they can start with it. (Facebook 2014) Â  Facebook is the web portal that provides multiple ways to interact and connect with the friends. There is an option of networking where people can join networks of their choice. The networks are arranged into different categories, such as the regions, the workplaces of the people, high schools, and the colleges. On joining any network the members can go through the lists of all members and they can evaluate them on the basis of their age, gender, relationship status mentioned or on the basis of other specific characteristics that they mention about themselves. (Strickland 2013) Â  Facebook could be synchronized with many other websites such as Twitter, Freelancer, Scribd etc and there is no need for the people to create separate accounts on each web portal. They can sign in using their Facebook account and can operate the way they want to. Further, Facebook itself works as a search engine and provides an option to look for the specific people, place, thing or any community the user wants to see through. When people search using the Facebook search engine, it provides all the options that match the name. (Nelson & Herndon 2012) Â  Facebook has become one of the biggest promotional websites. A large number of companies and users have their pages and groups on the Facebook and those pages are used for the promotions of products, services, schemes, packages, pricing, and designs etc. Facebook has now expanded over so many applications and software that it serves as the complete internet for its users. (Haydon, Dunay & Krueger 2012) Â  

Europe spices - food and history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Europe spices - food and history - Essay Example All this was a way to disguise the often nasty odour and taste of food. Spices refer to the pungent or aromatic fruits, seeds, bark and other vegetable materials used to flavour, preserve or colour food. As a result, spices have often cast an enchantment on individuals’ imaginations. They have for a long period flattered people’s senses. Spices flattered people’s sight with their vivacious colours, smell with alluring fragrances, and taste with different and exceptional flavours. It is because of the search for spices that adventures, such as that of Christopher Columbus, took place. The search for spices and better ways to obtain them triggered the age of exploration and identification of new regions. The sources of spices were known by the Europeans, but relied on the Arabs in order to access them. The Europeans also wanted a direct route to reach the spices and it is for this reason that early explorers set their trail in search of spices. Early explorers such as Ferdinand Magellan, Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama were the fir st European explorers who started their journeys to identify the sources of spices. They were later joined by Columbus 1492 in search of the source of spices. Da Gama was one of the successful explorers and went back to Europe with cinnamon, cloves, peppercorns, and nutmegs from India and Africa (Keay 2006). Among all the goods that were traded in the ancient times, spices most significantly impacted history since they put Europe on the chase for ultimate foreign conquest, a downfall whose failure and success influence every element of modern world politics (Anderson 2007). The desire for spices inspired the commencement of the European colonial experience, a vigour that reshaped European politics, demography, ecology, economy and culture. In this regard, this paper will give a chronological account of the history of spices in Europe through the ancient